825 Fowler Crk · Birmingham, AL
Flood risk 1/10 · Minimal
- FEMA flood zone
- X (unshaded)
- Chance of flooding over 30 yrs
- 0.0%
- Est. flood insurance / yr
- $507 – $1,088
Fire risk 3/10 · Minor
- Est. fire insurance / yr
- $916 – $1,700
Heat risk 5/10 · Moderate
- Hot days now (above 105°F)
- 7 days/yr
- Hot days in 30 yrs
- 17 days/yr
Wind risk 6/10 · Moderate
- Chance of severe wind over 30 yrs
- 27.0%
Air-quality risk 5/10 · Moderate
- Unhealthy air days now
- 7 days/yr
- Unhealthy air days in 30 yrs
- 9 days/yr
Risk factors via First Street. Map © Google.
Why this score? — see what drove the C- grade
The composite is a weighted blend of 9 inputs, each scored 0–100. Each bar is that input's sub-score; the figure is the points it added to the 100-point composite (weight × sub-score).
- Cash flow +19.1/30.0
- ARV discount +10.1/15.0
- DSCR +6.0/10.0
- 1% rule +5.3/10.0
- Livability +3.4/5.0
- Rent growth +3.3/5.0
- Condition / age +2.5/5.0
- Schools +0.9/10.0
- Appreciation +0.0/10.0
$129,900
🖨 Deal sheet (PDF) 📄 Offer letter ✓ Due diligence
Listing remarks MLS
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
Key facts
- 0.4 acre lot
- Parking
- Built 1954
Neighborhood map
What this means for you Summary
Snapshot
- This is a 3-bed/2.5-bath single-family listed at $130k.
Deal economics
- At list price, monthly cash flow is $138 ($2k/yr) — positive.
- The deal already cash-flows at list — no discount required.
- Meets the 1% rule at list price ($1k rent vs $130k).
- Recommended offer: $118k (9.0% below list) — sets the bar for market timing.
- Cap rate 7.6% vs local median 6.2% in Birmingham — meaningfully above typical; check what's discounted (condition, days-on-market, listing class) to confirm the premium yield is real.
Location & tenants
- Location reads 67/100 on livability (#78 in AL) — a middle-class / working-renter tenant base. Strengths: commute A+, cost of living A+, housing A+; Watch: amenities C-, schools F, crime F.
- Birmingham City (urban): math 4% / reading 20% proficiency, ranked #116 of 129 in AL (top 90%) — low school quality limits family demand, transient renter base, plan for 1-2y turnover; 82% free/reduced lunch — lower-income household profile, screen leases tightly.
- Market conditions: Rents rising (+3.0%/yr); 334 active listings in the ZIP; 39 comparable units currently listed for rent nearby; rentals at typical pace (median 25d on market — plan ~3-4 weeks tenant-placement turnaround); 44% of comp listings sitting > 30 days — soft ceiling on asking rent; 2,114 units permitted in Jefferson County in 2024 (556 in 5+ unit buildings).
- This rent runs 30% of the median local income ($53k/yr) — at the standard rent-burdened threshold; future hikes will face affordability resistance.
Forward outlook
- Local home prices are declining (-3.0%/yr); year-one equity from $898 of loan paydown is wiped out by about $4k of value loss. Plan a longer hold.
- Jefferson County population projected to shrink 4% by 2050 — rents likely to lag national; underwrite the cash flow, not the appreciation.
Negotiation context
- It's been on market 92 days — a 9% lower offer ($118k) is reasonable based on typical stale-listing flexibility.
- 3 sale attempts; this cycle's ask has dropped $15k (10%) from the opening price — seller is motivated, your offer sets the floor, not the list.
Risks & watch-outs
- Watch-outs: built in 1954 — expect roof / HVAC / electrical / plumbing capex.
- Climate carrying-cost: major wind risk, 27% chance of damaging wind over 30y; extreme-heat days projected 7→17/yr by 2055 (HVAC capex compounding) — expect insurance premiums to compound above CPI over the hold.
Questions for the listing agent
- It's been on market 92 days. Have you received any prior offers? Is the seller open to a 9% concession, seller financing, or rate buy-down credit?
- Built in 1954 — when were the roof, HVAC, electrical panel, plumbing, and water heater last replaced?
- Why hasn't it sold? Are there any deal-killer items the seller is aware of (foundation, flood, title, zoning, code violations)?
- Is there a deadline driving the sale (1031 exchange, divorce, estate, relocation)? That informs how much negotiation room exists.
- Schools are F-rated, which usually means shorter tenancies and higher turnover. Who's the typical renter profile here, and what's been the actual vacancy rate?
- Crime grade is F in this area — have there been break-ins, vandalism, or insurance claims at this property in the last 3 years? What carrier currently insures it and at what premium?
- What's the average days-on-market for RENTAL listings here right now (not sales)? A rising rental-DOM trend means longer vacancies and softer asking-rent achievability than the comps imply.
- What's the recent tenant-quality profile in this submarket — average credit score on applications, eviction rate, late-payment / NSF rate, and stable-employment percentage? A property-management company in the area should have these aggregated.
- How much new for-sale + rental construction is in the pipeline within 1–3 miles? Heavy new supply typically softens prices + rents 12–24 months out; constrained supply supports both.
Investment metrics
- 1% rule
- 1.03% ✓
- Cap rate
- 7.56%
- Cash-on-cash
- 4.54%
- DSCR
- 1.20
- GRM
- 8.1
CMA / ARV
- ARV (median comp)
- $137,819
- List price
- $129,900
- Delta
- -5.75%
- Verdict
- FAIR
- Comps
- 20 within 1.0 mi
Show comp detail 12 sales within ~0.75 mi
| Address | Dist | Beds/Ba | Sqft | Sold | Price | $/sf | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 945 Nelson Dr | 0.18mi | 3/2.0 | 1,563 (-3%) | 6mo | $170,000 | $109 | 80 |
| 937 Hickory Dr | 0.31mi | 4/2.0 (+1) | 1,622 (+1%) | 6mo | $165,000 | $102 | 72 |
| 909 Five Mile Rd | 0.37mi | 3/2.0 | 1,532 (-5%) | 4mo | $115,000 | $75 | 69 |
| 173 Roebuck Dr | 0.30mi | 3/1.0 | 1,682 (+5%) | 7mo | $72,000 | $43 | 67 |
| 600 Annie Laura Dr | 0.45mi | 4/2.0 (+1) | 1,617 (+1%) | 6mo | $129,995 | $80 | 66 |
| 824 Hickory Dr | 0.26mi | 4/2.0 (+1) | 1,750 (+9%) | 3mo | $190,000 | $109 | 64 |
| 932 Charles Ct | 0.17mi | 4/2.0 (+1) | 1,430 (-11%) | 5mo | $140,000 | $98 | 63 |
| 321 Glynn Dr | 0.31mi | 3/1.5 | 1,401 (-13%) | 1mo | $140,000 | $100 | 59 |
| 317 Westwood Dr | 0.37mi | 3/1.5 | 1,811 (+13%) | 0mo | $124,000 | $68 | 57 |
| 201 Redstone Way | 0.71mi | 3/2.0 | 1,582 (-2%) | 8mo | $182,000 | $115 | 56 |
| 216 Westwood Dr | 0.42mi | 3/1.0 | 1,384 (-14%) | 0mo | $78,500 | $57 | 51 |
| 205 Redstone Way | 0.72mi | 4/2.0 (+1) | 1,478 (-8%) | 7mo | $175,000 | $118 | 40 |
Match score weights: distance 35% · size 25% · config 20% · recency 20%. Top-matched comps best support the ARV.
Projected returns pro-forma
-3.0% appreciation · 3.04% rent growth · sell at horizon
- IRR
- -9.1%
- Equity multiple
- 0.66×
- Total profit
- $-12,194
- Equity at exit
- $19,369
- IRR
- 0.4%
- Equity multiple
- 1.03×
- Total profit
- $1,029
- Equity at exit
- $11,231
Cash invested: $36,372 (down + closing). Projections, not guarantees.
Landlord ↔ Tenant lean methodology
- Overall (STATE)
- 90 Strongly Landlord-Friendly
- State Alabama
- 90 Strongly Landlord-Friendly · R+15
- County
- — inherits STATE
- City
- — inherits STATE
ZIP-level market 35215
- Home prices YoY
- -34.4%
- Rents YoY
- 3.0%
- Active inventory
- 334
- Price-to-rent
- 8.1×
Monthly cashflow live
- Estimated rent
- $1,337 high interval (Pro) →
- Mortgage (P&I)
- −$681
- Tax from tax record
- −$184 /mo · $2,203/yr
- Insurance
- −$54
- HOA
- −$0
- Vacancy / Maint / Mgmt
- −$281
- Net cashflow
- $138
Break-even live
Sensitivity live
| Price | -10% $211 | -5% $174 | +0% $138 | +5% $101 | +10% $64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rent | -10% $32 | -5% $85 | +0% $138 | +5% $191 | +10% $243 |
| Rate | -1.0pp $203 | -0.5pp $171 | base $138 | +0.5pp $104 | +1.0pp $70 |
UW: 25.0% down · 7.5% · 30yr · 1.5% tax · 5.0% vac · 8.0% maint · 8.0% mgmt
Financing live
Cash to close
- Down payment
- $32,475
- Closing costs
- $3,897
- Reserves months
- —
- Total cash needed
- —
Loan-product check · same deal, 3 products live
Conventional
25% down · 7.5% · 30yr
- Down + closing
- —
- Monthly P&I
- —
- Monthly cashflow
- —
- DSCR
- —
- Eligible?
- —
Personal DTI + credit; lowest rate.
DSCR
20% down · 8.5% · 30yr
- Down + closing
- —
- Monthly P&I
- —
- Monthly cashflow
- —
- DSCR
- —
- Eligible?
- —
No personal income docs; deal must DSCR.
Hard money
10% down · 12.0% · 12mo
- Down + closing
- —
- Monthly P&I
- —
- Monthly cashflow
- —
- DSCR
- —
- Eligible?
- —
Short-term bridge; refi at stabilization.
Rent comps 39 comps
| Address | Beds | Baths | Sqft | Rent | $/sqft | DOM | Units | Dist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 921 Charles Ct Birmingham, AL | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1529 | $1,450 | $0.95 | 44d | 1 | 0.12mi |
| 945 Elizabeth Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1227 | $1,125 | $0.92 | 4d | 1 | 0.31mi |
| 932 Five Mile Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1200 | $1,175 | $0.98 | 20d | 1 | 0.34mi |
| 957 Hickory Cir Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1364 | $1,195 | $0.88 | 4d | 1 | 0.34mi |
| 252 Westwood Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1124 | $1,400 | $1.25 | 2d | 1 | 0.40mi |
| 832 Meadowbrook Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1228 | $1,225 | $1.00 | 24d | 1 | 0.46mi |
| 912 Meadowbrook Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1178 | $1,100 | $0.93 | 44d | 1 | 0.47mi |
| 221 Lawson Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1102 | $1,325 | $1.20 | 24d | 1 | 0.50mi |
| 940 Meadowbrook Dr Birmingham, AL | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1149 | $1,300 | $1.13 | 44d | 1 | 0.50mi |
| 316 Pine St Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1232 | $1,100 | $0.89 | 44d | 1 | 0.50mi |
| 929 Meadowbrook Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1649 | $1,200 | $0.73 | 12d | 1 | 0.51mi |
| 417 Price Dr Birmingham, AL | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1584 | $1,395 | $0.88 | 24d | 1 | 0.57mi |
| 216 Sanford Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1134 | $1,200 | $1.06 | 44d | 1 | 0.59mi |
| 241 Mamie Ln Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1242 | $1,495 | $1.20 | 4d | 1 | 0.66mi |
| 1112 Violet Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1414 | $1,600 | $1.13 | 12d | 1 | 0.83mi |
| 520 Camellia Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1053 | $1,100 | $1.04 | 4d | 1 | 0.83mi |
| 426 Buckingham Cir Birmingham, AL | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1080 | $1,013 | $0.94 | 44d | 1 | 0.84mi |
| 217 Killough Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1212 | $1,200 | $0.99 | 15d | 1 | 0.85mi |
| 1177 Five Mile Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1636 | $1,100 | $0.67 | 44d | 1 | 0.90mi |
| 1128 Lay Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1700 | $1,410 | $0.83 | 12d | 1 | 0.96mi |
| 726 Orchard Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1120 | $1,095 | $0.98 | 44d | 1 | 0.99mi |
| 433 Orchid Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1162 | $1,255 | $1.08 | 16d | 1 | 1.01mi |
| 736 Gene Reed Rd Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1353 | $1,220 | $0.90 | 44d | 1 | 1.03mi |
| 46 Sunscape Dr Birmingham, AL | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1178 | $1,450 | $1.23 | 44d | 1 | 1.07mi |
| 9228 Brookhurst Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1146 | $999 | $0.87 | 44d | 1 | 1.09mi |
| 40 Sunscape Dr Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1283 | $1,555 | $1.21 | 2d | 1 | 1.10mi |
| 120 Shawnee Ln NW Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1120 | $1,075 | $0.96 | 44d | 1 | 1.25mi |
| 617 Carson Crest Cir Birmingham, AL | 4.0 | 2.0 | 1528 | $1,723 | $1.13 | 16d | 1 | 1.28mi |
| 1153 Linwood St Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1250 | $1,295 | $1.04 | 3d | 1 | 1.29mi |
| 1232 Oakwood St Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1301 | $1,223 | $0.94 | 24d | 1 | 1.32mi |
| 1301 5th Pl NW Center Point, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1170 | $1,100 | $0.94 | 4d | 1 | 1.34mi |
| 1225 Birchwood St Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1092 | $1,175 | $1.08 | 4d | 1 | 1.34mi |
| 400 13th Ave NW Birmingham, AL | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1100 | $890 | $0.81 | 44d | 1 | 1.36mi |
| 1305 5th Pl NW Center Point, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1092 | $1,200 | $1.10 | 44d | 1 | 1.36mi |
| 1237 Linwood St Birmingham, AL | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1066 | $995 | $0.93 | 44d | 1 | 1.41mi |
| 1328 5th Pl NW Center Point, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1250 | $1,050 | $0.84 | 16d | 1 | 1.41mi |
| 1333 5th Pl NW Center Point, AL | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1056 | $1,275 | $1.21 | 44d | 1 | 1.45mi |
| 405 13th Ct NW Center Point, AL | 4.0 | 1.5 | 1248 | $1,415 | $1.13 | 22d | 1 | 1.46mi |
| 1356 5th Pl NW Center Point, AL | 3.0 | 1.0 | 1064 | $1,105 | $1.04 | 44d | 1 | 1.50mi |
Listing history 21 events
-
2026-06-18days on market $129,900 Active 92 DOM
-
2026-06-17days on market $129,900 Active 91 DOM
-
2026-06-16days on market $129,900 Active 90 DOM
-
2026-06-15days on market $129,900 Active 89 DOM
-
2026-06-13pricedays on market $129,900 Active 87 DOM
-
2026-06-10days on market $134,900 Active 84 DOM
-
2026-06-09days on market $134,900 Active 83 DOM
-
2026-06-08days on market $134,900 Active 82 DOM
-
2026-06-07days on market $134,900 Active 81 DOM
-
2026-06-03days on market $134,900 Active 77 DOM
-
2026-06-02days on market $134,900 Active 76 DOM
-
2026-06-01days on market $134,900 Active 75 DOM
-
2026-05-31days on market $134,900 Active 74 DOM
-
2026-05-03status Active 453-char remark
Show marketing remark (453 chars)
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
-
2026-04-19status Pending 453-char remark
Show marketing remark (453 chars)
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
-
2026-03-17status Active 453-char remark
Show marketing remark (453 chars)
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
-
2026-02-20status Pending 453-char remark
Show marketing remark (453 chars)
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
-
2026-02-06$144,900 Active 453-char remark
Show marketing remark (453 chars)
Charming one-story home located at 825 Fowler Circle in Birmingham. This 3-bedroom, 2-bath residence offers a functional layout with all living spaces on a single level, providing comfort and convenience. The home features spacious bedrooms, a practical floor plan, and plenty of potential to make it your own. Conveniently located near local schools, shopping, and major roadways, this property is a great opportunity for homeowners or investors alike.
-
2016-04-06soldstatus $12,676,500
-
2015-08-31soldstatus $48,000
-
1987-03-27soldstatus $58,900
ⓘ Source: listings_history table (triggers on properties + properties_extension) + one-shot
backfill from property_details.listing_events for pre-trigger history.
Tax reassessment forecast AL · Resets to sale price
- Current annual tax
- $2,203 · $184/mo
- Projected year-2 tax
- $2,203 · $184/mo
- Expected delta
- $0/yr ($0/mo · 0.0%)
ⓘ Screening estimate from a state-policy table — verify with the county assessor before closing.
Climate risk First Street
- Flood 1/10 Low FEMA zone X (unshaded) · 0% chance over 30 yrs
- Wildfire 3/10 Moderate
- Heat 5/10 Major 7 d/yr ≥105°F today · 17 d/yr by 30 yrs out
- Wind 6/10 Major 27% chance of damaging wind over 30 yrs
- Air quality 5/10 Major 7 unhealthy d/yr today · 9 by 30 yrs out
Nearby sold comps map
Loading sold comps map…
Walkable amenities ~0.75 mi
Loading nearby amenities…
Taxation est. · year 1
- Rental income
- $16,049
- − Mortgage interest
- −$7,276
- − Property taxes
- −$2,203
- − Insurance
- −$650
- − Repairs & maintenance
- −$1,284
- − Management
- −$1,284
- − Depreciation
- −$3,779
- Taxable loss
- −$426
- Est. tax savings @ 24.0%
- +$102
- After-tax cash flow
- $1,754/yr
For passive investors: Depreciation is non-cash, so a rental often shows a tax loss while cash-flowing — sheltering income. Rental losses are passive: they offset passive income freely, and up to $25,000/yr can offset ordinary (W-2) income if you actively participate and your MAGI is under $100k (phasing out to $0 by $150k); unused losses carry forward. On sale, claimed depreciation is recaptured at up to 25%, and gains may owe capital-gains tax (a 1031 exchange can defer both). Figures are a year-1 estimate at your 24.0% rate — not tax advice; consult a CPA.
Schools (NCES district)
- District
- Birmingham City
- NCES district ID
- 0100390
- Math proficiency
- 4% ▼ -17.00%
- Reading proficiency
- 20% ▼ -4.00%
- Median HH income
- $31,988
- Composite
- 9.49/100
- National rank
- #9850
- State rank
- #116 of 129 in AL
Livability — Birmingham
- Score
- 67/100
- State rank
- #78
- US rank
- #10412
Category grades
Schools grade is shown separately in the Schools card above.
Census & demographics
- Census place
- Birmingham, AL
- County
- Jefferson County · 527,445 people
- City population
- 210,422
- Metro
- Birmingham-Hoover, AL
- Population (ZIP)
- 43,903
- Household income
- $52,793
- Rent vs Own
- Severe rent burden
- 1729.0
Population outlook (Jefferson County) Hauer SSP2
- Today (2025)
- 669,185 people
- By 2030
- 669,694 · +0.1%
- By 2040
- 661,388 · -1.2%
- By 2050
- 643,086 · -3.9%
- By 2075
- 577,267 · -13.7%
- By 2100
- 474,758 · -29.1%
Race, ethnicity, and origin ACS 2023
- Neighborhood character
- Predominantly Black (75%)
- Race & ethnicity
- Black 75% White 15% Hispanic / Latino 7% Two or more races 3%
- Hispanic origin (detail)
- Mexican 4%
- Common ancestry
- Lithuanian 1% Italian 1% Slovak 1%
- Foreign-born
- 4% · Canada
- Languages at home
- 92% English-only · Spanish 7%
Political lean MEDSL · Jefferson
- 2024 margin
- D (+10.4) · D 54.6% · R 44.2% · Other 1.2%
- 2008→2024 swing
- +5.4pp toward D · 2008: 5.1pp · 2024: 10.4pp
- All cycles
- 2024: D+10.4 2020: D+13.2 2016: D+7.2 2012: D+6.0 2008: D+5.1
Not yet ingested
- Civics
- —
Market trends
- HPI YoY
- ▼ -112.97%
- Current HPI
- 215.0607
- Rent YoY
- ▲ 3.04%
- Metro
- Birmingham-Hoover, AL
- State GDP YoY
- ▲ 2.94%
- F500 in state
- 4
Industry mix (Fortune 500 HQ in AL)
| Industry | F500 HQs | Revenue |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Services | 1 | $8B |
|
||
| Healthcare | 1 | $5B |
|
||
Price history
+146.0% since first listed8 events — show timeline
- 2026-05-03 Relisted — Greater Alabama MLS
- 2026-04-19 Pending — Greater Alabama MLS
- 2026-03-17 Relisted — Greater Alabama MLS
- 2026-02-20 Pending — Greater Alabama MLS
- 2026-02-06 Listed $144,900 Greater Alabama MLS
- 2016-04-06 Sold (Public Records) $12,676,500 Public Records
- 2015-08-31 Sold (Public Records) $48,000 Public Records
- 1987-03-27 Sold (Public Records) $58,900 Public Records
Property tax history
+11.9%/yrLatest (2025): $2,203 · +4.3% YoY. Source: county tax records.
Cash-flow waterfall
monthlySold comps — $/sqft
last 12 mo · ≤1 miLoading sold comps…