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48 Willow St
D+ Composite 48.1
Why this score? — see what drove the D+ grade

The composite is a weighted blend of 9 inputs, each scored 0–100. Each bar is that input's sub-score; the figure is the points it added to the 100-point composite (weight × sub-score).

  • ARV discount +15.0/15.0
  • Cash flow +12.3/30.0
  • Schools +4.8/10.0
  • Livability +3.9/5.0
  • DSCR +3.7/10.0
  • 1% rule +3.4/10.0
  • Rent growth +2.5/5.0
  • Condition / age +2.5/5.0
  • Appreciation +0.0/10.0

$260,000

48 Willow St · Macungie, PA 18062
3 bd · 1.5 ba · 1,360 sqft · SingleFamily public records · 10 Days on market
Built 1977 3,547 sqft lot Est $344k · 24% under

🖨 Deal sheet (PDF) 📄 Offer letter ✓ Due diligence

Listing remarks

This 3-bedroom, 1.5-bath townhouse is quietly located on a cul-de-sac in Macungie Village. Recent improvements include newer windows, roof, and front door, along with a central air and heat pump system that’s just 5 years old. The first floor features a welcoming foyer, spacious living room, dining room, and an eat-in kitchen. A partially finished basement with a Bilco door provides additional flexible space. Outside, enjoy a covered deck complete with a ceiling fan—perfect for relaxing or entertaining. The home offers solid major updates but could benefit from some TLC to truly shine. Sale is contingent upon the seller securing suitable housing.

Key facts

  • Newer roof
  • Newer front door
  • Newer windows

Tags

CUL-DE-SACNEWER WINDOWSNEWER ROOFNEWER FRONT DOORCENTRAL AIRHEAT PUMP SYSTEM

Neighborhood map

Property Rental comp Retail Transit Schools Stadiums Fortune 500 · Circle radius: 3.0 mi
Loading POIs…

What this means for you Summary

Snapshot

  • This is a 3-bed/1.5-bath single-family listed at $260k.

Deal economics

  • At list price, monthly cash flow is $-46 ($-547/yr) — negative.
  • To cash-flow at today's rent, offer at most $252k (3.1% below list).
  • To meet the 1% rule (rent ≥ 1% of price), the offer needs to be $219k (15.9% below list).
  • Recommended offer: $219k (15.9% below list) — sets the bar for 1% rule.
  • Cap rate 6.1% vs local median 2.8% in Macungie — top-decile yield for the area; either an underpriced asset or a hidden risk that comps aren't pricing in. Stress-test before assuming the spread holds.

Location & tenants

  • Location reads 77/100 on livability (#361 in PA, #3,157 nationally) — a middle-class / working-renter tenant base. Strengths: crime A+, housing A+, cost of living A; Watch: amenities F, commute F.
  • East Penn SD (suburban): math 43% / reading 65% proficiency, ranked #103 of 539 in PA (top 19%) — acceptable for families but not a draw, mixed tenant base, ~2y average lease; only 17% free/reduced lunch — higher-income household profile.
  • Zoned schools: Macungie El Sch (math 45% / reading 65%, grade C, #498 of 1,518 statewide, top 33%, 510 students, 29% FRL); Lower Macungie Ms (math 23% / reading 61%, grade D-, #221 of 512 statewide, top 45%, 1,043 students, 36% FRL); Emmaus Hs (math 65% / reading 24%, grade D-, #195 of 437 statewide, top 44%, 2,846 students, 24% FRL).
  • Market conditions: Rents flat; 162 active listings in the ZIP; 10 comparable units currently listed for rent nearby; rentals at typical pace (median 25d on market — plan ~3-4 weeks tenant-placement turnaround); high-income renter base; 765 units permitted in Lehigh County in 2024 (286 in 5+ unit buildings).

Forward outlook

  • Local home prices are declining (-3.0%/yr); year-one equity from $2k of loan paydown is wiped out by about $8k of value loss. Plan a longer hold.
  • Lehigh County population projected at +21% by 2050 — long-run rental-demand tailwind backs the buy-and-hold thesis.

Negotiation context

  • Only 10 days on market — expect competitive offers; lowballing is unlikely to land.
  • Current owner paid $48k; list at $260k implies a 443% gain — meaningful room to come down on a strong offer.

Risks & watch-outs

  • Climate carrying-cost: extreme-heat days projected 7→15/yr by 2055 (HVAC capex compounding) — expect insurance premiums to compound above CPI over the hold.
Recommended offer $218,721 (15.9% below list)

Questions for the listing agent

  1. What do current leases actually rent for vs. the listed asking? Can we see a recent rent roll and the last 12 months of T-12 income?
  2. Built in 1977 — when were the roof, HVAC, electrical panel, plumbing, and water heater last replaced?
  3. Is there a deadline driving the sale (1031 exchange, divorce, estate, relocation)? That informs how much negotiation room exists.
  4. Schools are B-rated — typically a magnet for longer-tenancy family renters. What's the average tenant stay here, and is there a school-zone premium baked into asking?
  5. The area grade is low — what's the realistic commute time and amenity access for the typical tenant pool here? Any planned neighborhood developments (good or bad) we should know about?
  6. What's the average days-on-market for RENTAL listings here right now (not sales)? A rising rental-DOM trend means longer vacancies and softer asking-rent achievability than the comps imply.
  7. What's the recent tenant-quality profile in this submarket — average credit score on applications, eviction rate, late-payment / NSF rate, and stable-employment percentage? A property-management company in the area should have these aggregated.
  8. How much new for-sale + rental construction is in the pipeline within 1–3 miles? Heavy new supply typically softens prices + rents 12–24 months out; constrained supply supports both.

Investment metrics

1% rule
0.84%
Cap rate
6.08%
Cash-on-cash
-0.75%
DSCR
0.97
GRM
9.9

CMA / ARV

ARV (on-the-fly)
$344,080
Comps found
5
Show comp detail 5 sales within ~0.75 mi
Address Dist Beds/Ba Sqft Sold Price $/sf Match
106 S Lea St 0.15mi 3/1.0 1,300 (-4%) 15mo $255,000 $196 72
109 Race St 0.21mi 3/1.5 1,473 (+8%) 15mo $372,000 $253 64
23 S Buttonwood St 0.51mi 3/1.5 1,360 (0%) 16mo $275,000 $202 63
91 Maple St 0.53mi 3/3.0 1,488 (+9%) 10mo $395,000 $265 45
38 S Fairview St 0.61mi 3/1.5 1,300 (-4%) 24mo $391,000 $301 44

Match score weights: distance 35% · size 25% · config 20% · recency 20%. Top-matched comps best support the ARV.

Projected returns pro-forma

-3.0% appreciation · 0.13% rent growth · sell at horizon

5-year hold
IRR
-20.8%
Equity multiple
0.30×
Total profit
$-51,156
Equity at exit
$38,767
10-year hold
IRR
-22.2%
Equity multiple
0.01×
Total profit
$-71,998
Equity at exit
$22,480

Cash invested: $72,800 (down + closing). Projections, not guarantees.

Landlord ↔ Tenant lean methodology

Overall (STATE)
62 Landlord-Friendly
State Pennsylvania
62 Landlord-Friendly · EVEN
County
— inherits STATE
City
— inherits STATE
10-day notice; Philadelphia has eviction-court diversion + some protections; otherwise moderate.

ZIP-level market 18062

Home prices YoY
-26.4%
Rents YoY
0.1%
Active inventory
162
Price-to-rent
9.9×

Monthly cashflow live

Estimated rent
$2,187 high interval (Pro) →
Mortgage (P&I)
$1,363
Tax from tax record
$302 /mo · $3,620/yr
Insurance
$108
HOA
$0
Vacancy / Maint / Mgmt
$459
Net cashflow
$-46

Break-even live

Break-even rent $2,245
Max offer price $251,947
Occupancy floor 97%

Sensitivity live

Price -10% $102 -5% $28 +0% $-46 +5% $-119 +10% $-193
Rent -10% $-218 -5% $-132 +0% $-46 +5% $41 +10% $127
Rate -1.0pp $85 -0.5pp $21 base $-46 +0.5pp $-113 +1.0pp $-181

UW: 25.0% down · 7.5% · 30yr · 1.5% tax · 5.0% vac · 8.0% maint · 8.0% mgmt

Financing live

Cash to close

Down payment
$65,000
Closing costs
$7,800
Reserves months
Total cash needed

Loan-product check · same deal, 3 products live

Conventional

25% down · 7.5% · 30yr

Down + closing
Monthly P&I
Monthly cashflow
DSCR
Eligible?

Personal DTI + credit; lowest rate.

DSCR

20% down · 8.5% · 30yr

Down + closing
Monthly P&I
Monthly cashflow
DSCR
Eligible?

No personal income docs; deal must DSCR.

Hard money

10% down · 12.0% · 12mo

Down + closing
Monthly P&I
Monthly cashflow
DSCR
Eligible?

Short-term bridge; refi at stabilization.

Rent comps 10 comps

AddressBedsBaths SqftRent$/sqft DOM Units Dist
268 W Chestnut St Macungie, PA 1.0–2.0 1.0–1.5 944 $1,939 $2.05 3d 5 0.07mi
21 W Main St Unit 2 Macungie, PA 3.0 2.0 1100 $1,950 $1.77 25d 1 0.38mi
21 W Main St Unit 2 Macungie, PA 3.0 2.0 1100 $1,950 $1.77 45d 1 0.38mi
31 W Main St Macungie, PA 2.0 1.0 925 $1,500 $1.62 25d 1 0.39mi
3370 Pennsylvania 100 Macungie, PA 2.0 2.0 1350 $2,810 $2.08 4d 1 0.58mi
3535 Grandview Dr Macungie, PA 1.0–2.0 1.0–2.0 1015 $2,465 $2.43 0d 23 0.60mi
302 Windsor Pl #302 Macungie, PA 2.0 2.0 1260 $1,925 $1.53 45d 1 0.74mi
168 Lindfield Cir Macungie, PA 2.0 2.0 1275 $1,980 $1.55 25d 1 0.77mi
163 Lindfield Cir Macungie, PA 2.0 2.0 940 $2,150 $2.29 45d 1 0.77mi
2847 Sequoia Dr Macungie, PA 3.0 2.5 1440 $2,450 $1.70 25d 1 1.14mi

Listing history 3 events

  1. 2026-04-27
    status Pending
  2. 2026-04-17
    listed $260,000 Active
  3. 1980-11-19
    soldstatus $47,900

ⓘ Source: listings_history table (triggers on properties + properties_extension) + one-shot backfill from property_details.listing_events for pre-trigger history.

Tax reassessment forecast PA · Partial reset (capped growth)

Current annual tax
$3,620 · $302/mo
Projected year-2 tax
$3,864 · $322/mo
Expected delta
+$244/yr (+$20/mo · 6.7%)

ⓘ Screening estimate from a state-policy table — verify with the county assessor before closing.

Climate risk First Street

  • 🌊 Flood 1/10 Low FEMA zone X (unshaded) · 0% chance over 30 yrs
  • 🔥 Wildfire 4/10 Moderate
  • 🌡 Heat 5/10 Major 7 d/yr ≥98°F today · 15 d/yr by 30 yrs out
  • 💨 Wind 4/10 Moderate 19% chance of damaging wind over 30 yrs
  • 🫁 Air quality 3/10 Moderate 2 unhealthy d/yr today · 3 by 30 yrs out

Nearby sold comps map

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Walkable amenities ~0.75 mi

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Taxation est. · year 1

Rental income
$26,247
− Mortgage interest
−$14,564
− Property taxes
−$3,620
− Insurance
−$1,300
− Repairs & maintenance
−$2,100
− Management
−$2,100
− Depreciation
−$7,564
Taxable loss
−$5,001
combined federal + state — saved on this device
Est. tax savings @ 24.0%
+$1,200
After-tax cash flow
$653/yr

For passive investors: Depreciation is non-cash, so a rental often shows a tax loss while cash-flowing — sheltering income. Rental losses are passive: they offset passive income freely, and up to $25,000/yr can offset ordinary (W-2) income if you actively participate and your MAGI is under $100k (phasing out to $0 by $150k); unused losses carry forward. On sale, claimed depreciation is recaptured at up to 25%, and gains may owe capital-gains tax (a 1031 exchange can defer both). Figures are a year-1 estimate at your 24.0% rate — not tax advice; consult a CPA.

Schools (NCES district)

District
East Penn SD
NCES district ID
4208550
Math proficiency
43% ▼ -11.00%
Reading proficiency
65% ▼ -9.00%
Median HH income
$70,679
Composite
47.99/100
National rank
#2200
State rank
#103 of 539 in PA

Livability — Macungie

Score
77/100
State rank
#361
US rank
#3157

Category grades

Amenities F Commute F Cost of living A Crime A+ Employment B Housing A+ Health & safety B User ratings A+

Schools grade is shown separately in the Schools card above.

Census & demographics

Census place
Macungie, PA
County
Lehigh County · 333,019 people
City population
27,110
Metro
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Population (ZIP)
27,110
Household income
$110,675
Rent vs Own
19.1% rent · 80.9% own
Severe rent burden
537.0

Population outlook (Lehigh County) Hauer SSP2

Today (2025)
392,957 people
By 2030
408,319 · +3.9%
By 2040
440,007 · +12.0%
By 2050
475,940 · +21.1%
By 2075
590,448 · +50.3%
By 2100
690,314 · +75.7%

Race, ethnicity, and origin ACS 2023

Neighborhood character
Predominantly White (77%)
Race & ethnicity
White 77% Hispanic / Latino 10% Two or more races 10% Asian 5% Black 3%
Hispanic origin (detail)
Puerto Rican 4% Dominican 2%
Common ancestry
Romanian 5% Lithuanian 2% Subsaharan African 2%
Foreign-born
11% · Canada, China, Jamaica
Languages at home
83% English-only · Spanish 7% Other Indo-European 4% French/Haitian/Cajun 2%

Political lean MEDSL · Lehigh

2024 margin
Toss-up / Even · D 50.7% · R 48.0% · Other 1.2%
2008→2024 swing
-12.9pp toward R · 2008: 15.6pp · 2024: 2.7pp
All cycles
2024: D+2.7 2020: D+7.6 2016: D+4.4 2012: D+7.5 2008: D+15.6

Not yet ingested

Civics

Market trends

HPI YoY
▼ -91.04%
Current HPI
253.5939
Rent YoY
▲ 0.13%
Metro
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
State GDP YoY
▲ 1.68%
F500 in state
34

Industry mix (Fortune 500 HQ in PA)

Industry F500 HQs Revenue

Price history

+442.8% since first listed
3 events — show timeline
  • 2026-04-27 Pending GLVRMLS
  • 2026-04-17 Listed $260,000 GLVRMLS
  • 1980-11-19 Sold (Public Records) $47,900 Public Records

Property tax history

+2.2%/yr

Latest (2026): $3,620 · +2.9% YoY. Source: county tax records.

Cash-flow waterfall

monthly

Sold comps — $/sqft

last 12 mo · ≤1 mi

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